LONG ESSAYS (10 Marks)
1.
What is the normal body temperature? Describe
the role of hypothalamus in its regulation.
2.
Classify sensory receptors. Explain the
properties of receptors.
3.
Describe with the help of a diagram the
pathway for pain sensation. Explain the basis of phantom limb.
4.
Describe the origin, course, and termination
of the pyramidal tract with the help of a labeled diagram. Add a note on
hemiplegia.
5.
Describe the immediate and delayed effects of
complete transaction of spinal cord.
6.
List the nuclei of hypothalamus. Explain the
function of hypothalamus.
7.
List the nuclei and describe the connections
and functions of thalamus.
8.
Name the nuclei of basal ganglia. Describe
the functions of basal ganglia with relevant connections? Add a note on
Parkinsonism.
9.
What are the functional divisions of the
cerebellum? Describe their functions with relevant connections. Explain the
signs of cerebellar dysfunction.
SHORT ESSAYS (5 Marks)
1.
Explain the structure of a synapse. What are
its types?
2.
Explain EPSP and IPSP. Add a note on its
ionic basis.
3.
Explain pre-synaptic inhibition.
4.
Explain post-synaptic inhibition.
5.
Explain Renshaw cell inhibition.
6.
Explain a reflex arc with the help of a
diagram.
7.
What is conditioned reflex? Explain it with
an example.
8.
Explain the structure and function of muscle
spindle.
9.
Write the neural circuit for reciprocal
innervations. Explain its functional importance.
10.
What is referred pain? Explain the theories
of referred pain.
11.
Briefly outline the role of endogenous pain
inhibiting system?
12.
List the difference between upper and lower
motor neuron lesion.
13.
Explain the sensory and motor change in a
hemisection of the spinal cord.
14.
Draw a diagram showing Brodmann cortical
areas. Mention functions corresponding to these areas.
15.
What is EEG? What are its normal waves? List
the change of EEG during sleep.
16.
What are different types of memory? Explain
briefly the mechanism of formation of long-term memory.
17.
What is REM sleep? List the features
associated with it.
18.
What is reticular activating system? What is
its function?
19.
Describe the formation, circulation, and
functions of cerebrospinal fluid. Add a note on hydrocephalus.
20.
Describe the structure and function of
vestibular apparatus.
21.
Explain the types and physiological basis for
memory.
22.
Explain the mechanism for speech. What is
dyslexia?
23.
Compare and contrast the action of
sympathetic and parasympathetic division on different systems.
SHORT ANSWERS (3 Marks)
1.
Explain the division of nervous system.
2.
Explain habituation and sensitization.
3.
Name different types of synapse.
4.
Name excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
5.
What are neurotrophins and neuromodulators?
6.
What is withdrawal reflex?
7.
What is inverse stretch reflex?
8.
What is crossed extensor response?
9.
What is axon reflex?
10.
What is stereognosis?
11.
List the ascending tracts; indicate the
sensations carried by them.
12.
List the descending tracts.
13.
List the features of Brown Sequard syndrome.
14.
List the chemical features of UMN lesion.
15.
List the chemical features of LMN lesion.
16.
What is Babinski’s sign? Explain the
physiological basis for it.
17.
What is hemiplegia? List the clinical
features of this condition.
18.
List the features of facial palsy.
19.
What is decerebrete rigidity?
20.
List the clinical magnifications of the
lesion of basal ganglia.
21.
List of functions of limbic system.
22.
Explain the features of NREM sleep.
23.
Discuss the disorders of sleep.
24.
Explain the structure & functions of blood
brain barrier
25.
What is lumbar puncture? What is its clinical
importance?
26.
What is aphasia? What are its types?
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